Chapter 6 Occupation Satisfaction Predictions

Direct prediction of satisfaction in hundreds of occupations is a new feature to the Strong 244 assessment. While it will take time and feedback from users to gauge its usefulness and best practices, we expect that this will be a welcome and important new set of results for respondents and practitioners.

6.1 Use of satisfaction and similarity scores for occupations

With the introduction of satisfaction scores, there are now two scores for each occupation for practitioners and respondents to consider. How can someone best use these two scores together? Which score should practitioners rely on more?

Here is some general guidance for respondents and practitioners:

  • We expect that the use of these two sets of scores will evolve over time. With this in mind, recommendations for how to use satisfaction scores will likely be updated periodically.
  • We recommend that practitioners pay particular attention to occupations have both high similarity and satisfaction scores. The Career Satisfaction Report indicates “Top” occupations that are in the top 25% of occupations for both similarity and satisfaction (three stars in the Top column), followed by occupations that are in the top 25% for similarity but not satisfaction (two stars in the Top column), followed by occupations that are in the top 25% for satisfaction but not similarity (one star in the Top column), followed by occupations that are not in the top 25% for either similarity or satisfaction (no stars). Within each of these groups, occupations are sorted in descending order by similarity score. The top 25% of similarity and satisfaction scores is calculated for each respondent.
  • Because similarity scores have a long history of use, and will likely be more familiar to Strong practitioners, we recommend relying more on similarity scores for occupation recommendations, and leaning more on similarity scores when similarity and satisfaction scores point in different directions. This is reflected in the “Top” occupation order described above.

6.2 Strong’s thoughts on using interests to predict satisfaction

(Strong, 1955) described his reluctance to use satisfaction as a criterion to judge interest measures: “One of the explanations is that satisfaction pertaining to occupational activity is not a distinct entity, separate from satisfaction associated with the physical and social environment surrounding the job…[people] may like [their] work but exhibit great dissatisfaction because of poor health or trouble with [a partner] or children; or [they] may like [their] work but not the place in which [they] have to live or some of the people with whom [they have] to associate.” (both page 98)

Nonetheless, (Strong, 1955) remarked that “Despite these objections the writer can think of no better criterion for a vocational interest test than that of satisfaction enduring over a period of time.” (page 12)

6.3 Satisfaction score computation

Satisfaction scores are new to the Strong 244 assessment. These scores complement the similarity scores that have been part of the Strong assessment since its creation in 1927.

Satisfaction scores are produced for each occupation by running an ordinal logistic regression with 30 carryover Basic Interest Scales as predictors of satisfaction (Note: The Conservation & Environmentalism and Hospitality & Tourism scales are not included). Satisfaction is measured with a single item (“How satisfied are you with your general line of work?”) and responses are made on a six-point Likert-type scale (“very satisfied” to “very dissatisfied”). Because satisfaction ratings are generally skewed toward more satisfied responses, we collapsed all three dissatisfied response options (“somewhat dissatisfied”, “dissatisfied”, and “very dissatisfied”) into a single “dissatisfied” category. As a result, the models are set up to predict the likelihood of being “very satisfied”, “satisfied”, “somewhat satisfied”, and “dissatisfied”.

There were a minimum of 200 people in each occupation sample.

The advantage of using this approach is that each respondent can see for their interests, the likelihood of being in each satisfaction category. Satisfaction summary scores are computed for each occupation for each respondent by summing the “very satisfied” and “satisfied” probabilities.

6.4 Reliability

For test-retest reliability of the satisfaction summary scores and descriptives from the GRS, see Table 6.1.

GRS means show that there is great variability in predicted satisfaction across occupations. This is primarily the result of actual satisfaction varying greatly by occupation (e.g., CEOs are more satisfied in general than telemarketers).

Table 6.1: Table 6.2: Occupation satisfaction scores: Test-retest reliability and GRS descriptives
Occupation Satisfaction model N Retest short Retest long GRS min GRS max GRS mean GRS sd
Accountants and Auditors 4731 0.79 0.77 0.01 0.95 0.26 0.16
Actors 406 0.88 0.81 0.04 0.94 0.39 0.12
Administrative Services Managers 1113 0.78 0.74 0.01 0.98 0.40 0.17
Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors 427 0.83 0.74 0.02 0.99 0.58 0.18
Advertising Sales Agents 770 0.79 0.79 0.00 0.94 0.23 0.14
Aerospace Engineers 273 0.76 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.41 0.21
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 391 0.77 0.75 0.01 0.97 0.51 0.17
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 264 0.82 0.81 0.00 1.00 0.29 0.20
Animal Caretakers 451 0.84 0.75 0.02 0.96 0.42 0.12
Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 211 0.87 0.78 0.00 1.00 0.41 0.18
Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 280 0.88 0.78 0.00 0.99 0.35 0.18
Art Directors 241 0.71 0.77 0.03 0.98 0.52 0.14
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 228 0.73 0.76 0.00 1.00 0.49 0.21
Athletes and Sports Competitors 401 0.84 0.68 0.04 1.00 0.66 0.14
Automotive Body and Related Repairers 205 0.77 0.56 0.00 1.00 0.24 0.21
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 292 0.75 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.27 0.18
Baristas 2775 0.83 0.80 0.04 0.89 0.39 0.11
Bartenders 2499 0.84 0.84 0.02 0.77 0.28 0.09
Bill and Account Collectors 417 0.89 0.80 0.00 0.97 0.24 0.15
Biochemists and Biophysicists 263 0.86 0.74 0.00 1.00 0.13 0.17
Biological Technicians 200 0.76 0.83 0.00 1.00 0.22 0.17
Biologists 560 0.77 0.77 0.00 0.98 0.18 0.15
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 1058 0.80 0.75 0.00 0.98 0.23 0.15
Budget Analysts 334 0.88 0.73 0.00 1.00 0.40 0.23
Bus Drivers, School 234 0.79 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.29 0.20
Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 211 0.84 0.73 0.00 0.98 0.32 0.17
Business Teachers, Postsecondary 341 0.81 0.66 0.09 0.99 0.72 0.13
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School 237 0.79 0.71 0.01 1.00 0.63 0.20
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary 394 0.78 0.79 0.04 0.99 0.78 0.12
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School 953 0.87 0.81 0.13 0.98 0.75 0.10
Carpenters 259 0.90 0.74 0.00 1.00 0.19 0.17
Cashiers 18496 0.79 0.72 0.03 0.85 0.28 0.10
Chefs and Head Cooks 832 0.82 0.75 0.01 0.92 0.26 0.13
Chemists 279 0.78 0.69 0.00 1.00 0.18 0.17
Chief Executives 1509 0.81 0.79 0.18 0.98 0.72 0.09
Child, Family, and School Social Workers 1196 0.81 0.72 0.02 0.97 0.45 0.13
Childcare Workers 3090 0.83 0.81 0.02 0.97 0.40 0.15
Civil Engineers 350 0.78 0.82 0.00 1.00 0.23 0.20
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 835 0.81 0.71 0.02 0.94 0.37 0.14
Clergy 1011 0.87 0.79 0.01 0.99 0.33 0.20
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists 1220 0.85 0.86 0.03 0.99 0.61 0.17
Coaches and Scouts 830 0.83 0.76 0.08 0.96 0.53 0.12
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 674 0.76 0.75 0.00 0.99 0.42 0.19
Computer Programmers 921 0.89 0.86 0.00 0.98 0.23 0.18
Computer Systems Analysts 1163 0.85 0.87 0.00 0.99 0.31 0.18
Computer User Support Specialists 1944 0.88 0.85 0.00 0.98 0.27 0.16
Computer and Information Research Scientists 289 0.82 0.78 0.00 0.99 0.40 0.21
Computer and Information Systems Managers 1022 0.86 0.81 0.00 1.00 0.41 0.20
Concierges 219 0.85 0.87 0.00 0.99 0.33 0.19
Construction Laborers 717 0.78 0.81 0.00 0.95 0.23 0.13
Construction Managers 468 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.99 0.32 0.19
Cooks, Fast Food 3950 0.79 0.73 0.02 0.78 0.24 0.08
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 275 0.70 0.75 0.00 0.96 0.27 0.15
Cooks, Restaurant 1594 0.75 0.74 0.01 0.95 0.25 0.12
Cooks, Short Order 570 0.71 0.73 0.00 0.90 0.25 0.12
Correctional Officers and Jailers 304 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.98 0.19 0.12
Counter and Rental Clerks 2053 0.82 0.78 0.01 0.86 0.26 0.11
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners 240 0.80 0.79 0.00 1.00 0.30 0.19
Craft Artists 284 0.82 0.77 0.00 0.99 0.46 0.19
Credit Analysts 362 0.82 0.81 0.00 0.99 0.31 0.17
Customer Service Representatives 4195 0.82 0.76 0.02 0.86 0.28 0.12
Dancers 445 0.88 0.81 0.02 0.99 0.47 0.14
Data Entry Keyers 1285 0.84 0.79 0.01 0.89 0.25 0.12
Database Administrators 354 0.83 0.86 0.00 0.99 0.38 0.20
Demonstrators and Product Promoters 268 0.78 0.71 0.00 0.99 0.33 0.16
Dental Assistants 565 0.84 0.78 0.00 0.97 0.28 0.15
Detectives and Criminal Investigators 224 0.82 0.76 0.00 1.00 0.41 0.22
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 937 0.79 0.65 0.02 0.92 0.31 0.12
Directors, Religious Activities and Education 457 0.91 0.78 0.00 1.00 0.29 0.25
Dishwashers 1839 0.79 0.64 0.01 0.86 0.29 0.10
Driver/Sales Workers 534 0.80 0.75 0.00 0.84 0.22 0.10
Editors 545 0.82 0.87 0.00 0.89 0.23 0.12
Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary 402 0.83 0.80 0.01 0.99 0.49 0.20
Education Administrators, Postsecondary 2548 0.81 0.74 0.02 0.99 0.64 0.14
Education Teachers, Postsecondary 923 0.79 0.70 0.06 0.99 0.69 0.12
Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare 300 0.81 0.66 0.00 0.99 0.45 0.22
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors 2881 0.87 0.76 0.05 0.98 0.64 0.15
Electrical Engineers 498 0.80 0.76 0.00 0.98 0.34 0.17
Electricians 279 0.78 0.74 0.00 0.99 0.24 0.18
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 2702 0.85 0.71 0.00 0.99 0.29 0.22
Emergency Medical Technicians 349 0.89 0.77 0.00 0.97 0.29 0.16
English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 363 0.79 0.76 0.00 0.98 0.41 0.19
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 228 0.77 0.78 0.00 0.99 0.44 0.20
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 7345 0.75 0.81 0.00 0.98 0.25 0.18
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors 881 0.84 0.75 0.01 0.97 0.40 0.13
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse 325 0.80 0.73 0.00 0.98 0.32 0.17
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 371 0.85 0.73 0.00 0.98 0.36 0.19
Fashion Designers 206 0.75 0.53 0.00 1.00 0.45 0.21
Fast Food and Counter Workers 10577 0.83 0.67 0.04 0.73 0.28 0.07
File Clerks 660 0.84 0.78 0.00 0.97 0.23 0.14
Film and Video Editors 246 0.84 0.79 0.01 0.99 0.40 0.16
Financial Examiners 342 0.83 0.78 0.02 0.97 0.51 0.16
Financial Managers 1546 0.80 0.78 0.02 0.98 0.47 0.17
Financial Risk Specialists 380 0.79 0.80 0.01 0.99 0.41 0.16
Financial and Investment Analysts 2292 0.79 0.81 0.00 0.98 0.32 0.17
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators 362 0.76 0.62 0.02 0.97 0.41 0.14
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 415 0.75 0.81 0.00 1.00 0.28 0.19
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 2678 0.87 0.77 0.02 0.91 0.30 0.11
First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 353 0.86 0.77 0.01 1.00 0.36 0.18
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 420 0.78 0.68 0.00 1.00 0.47 0.20
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 382 0.79 0.70 0.00 0.99 0.38 0.19
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 2046 0.85 0.77 0.03 0.97 0.42 0.16
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 241 0.81 0.69 0.01 0.99 0.45 0.18
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 914 0.83 0.75 0.01 0.98 0.42 0.17
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 1827 0.79 0.77 0.01 0.94 0.25 0.13
Food Preparation Workers 1720 0.76 0.72 0.02 0.81 0.31 0.09
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 2053 0.88 0.82 0.04 0.84 0.32 0.09
Food Service Managers 978 0.87 0.83 0.01 0.91 0.24 0.11
Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts 624 0.74 0.84 0.02 0.97 0.43 0.15
Fundraisers 221 0.68 0.79 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.21
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 238 0.67 0.56 0.00 1.00 0.41 0.20
General and Operations Managers 3577 0.85 0.79 0.04 0.96 0.50 0.14
Graphic Designers 989 0.73 0.74 0.01 0.89 0.32 0.13
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 1273 0.81 0.84 0.01 0.92 0.36 0.12
Health Education Specialists 253 0.75 0.60 0.00 1.00 0.46 0.21
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 394 0.75 0.84 0.00 0.98 0.23 0.14
Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 406 0.77 0.64 0.01 0.87 0.28 0.12
Home Health Aides 1769 0.82 0.82 0.02 0.89 0.35 0.11
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 4176 0.83 0.73 0.03 0.88 0.35 0.09
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 417 0.73 0.65 0.00 0.99 0.26 0.16
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 1728 0.83 0.79 0.01 0.98 0.39 0.17
Human Resources Managers 1416 0.79 0.79 0.00 0.99 0.45 0.21
Human Resources Specialists 886 0.86 0.80 0.02 0.97 0.44 0.16
Infantry 355 0.86 0.80 0.00 0.99 0.21 0.15
Information Technology Project Managers 414 0.88 0.79 0.00 0.99 0.36 0.20
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 248 0.70 0.67 0.00 0.99 0.22 0.17
Instructional Coordinators 1224 0.81 0.78 0.11 0.96 0.55 0.12
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 714 0.85 0.70 0.00 0.98 0.28 0.14
Insurance Sales Agents 1455 0.75 0.78 0.00 0.97 0.27 0.19
Insurance Underwriters 493 0.76 0.73 0.01 0.99 0.40 0.17
Interior Designers 246 0.78 0.80 0.00 0.99 0.34 0.19
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1744 0.84 0.72 0.02 0.75 0.24 0.07
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates 1735 0.81 0.83 0.00 0.98 0.24 0.15
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 321 0.84 0.75 0.00 1.00 0.29 0.22
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 901 0.79 0.71 0.02 0.80 0.25 0.09
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1035 0.88 0.83 0.01 0.91 0.28 0.13
Lawyers 2317 0.77 0.79 0.00 0.96 0.16 0.15
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists 802 0.71 0.67 0.06 0.94 0.54 0.11
Library Technicians 604 0.84 0.84 0.01 0.97 0.41 0.16
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 489 0.87 0.75 0.00 0.98 0.31 0.19
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers 587 0.85 0.70 0.01 0.95 0.46 0.12
Light Truck Drivers 773 0.83 0.76 0.03 0.78 0.25 0.08
Loan Officers 877 0.85 0.82 0.01 0.92 0.24 0.11
Logisticians 224 0.81 0.78 0.01 0.98 0.41 0.18
Machinists 313 0.82 0.81 0.00 0.92 0.15 0.12
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 746 0.81 0.55 0.01 0.81 0.25 0.09
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 427 0.87 0.82 0.00 0.98 0.28 0.17
Management Analysts 1090 0.84 0.74 0.01 0.97 0.43 0.16
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 490 0.75 0.78 0.01 0.98 0.37 0.17
Marketing Managers 2128 0.85 0.79 0.00 0.98 0.34 0.18
Massage Therapists 234 0.78 0.76 0.00 0.99 0.44 0.20
Mechanical Engineers 794 0.86 0.86 0.00 0.97 0.32 0.18
Media Programming Directors 709 0.81 0.75 0.02 0.99 0.61 0.16
Medical Assistants 1462 0.88 0.78 0.01 0.93 0.32 0.13
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 220 0.85 0.75 0.00 0.98 0.32 0.19
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 471 0.72 0.67 0.00 0.99 0.16 0.15
Medical Transcriptionists 221 0.74 0.74 0.00 0.99 0.32 0.20
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 429 0.85 0.80 0.00 0.99 0.29 0.19
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 209 0.78 0.71 0.00 0.99 0.26 0.19
Medical and Health Services Managers 444 0.77 0.69 0.02 0.99 0.60 0.16
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 277 0.82 0.81 0.00 1.00 0.47 0.21
Mental Health Counselors 1559 0.85 0.76 0.01 0.98 0.43 0.19
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 507 0.82 0.79 0.00 0.99 0.30 0.20
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 1402 0.83 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.23
Models 206 0.76 0.76 0.00 0.99 0.42 0.18
Musicians and Singers 588 0.83 0.71 0.01 0.96 0.33 0.14
Nannies 1508 0.85 0.76 0.01 0.94 0.38 0.13
Network and Computer Systems Administrators 536 0.80 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.24 0.20
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists 268 0.82 0.82 0.00 0.99 0.19 0.16
Nursing Assistants 1137 0.88 0.70 0.01 0.98 0.33 0.14
Office Clerks, General 2446 0.80 0.79 0.01 0.94 0.29 0.14
Orderlies 2626 0.90 0.78 0.01 0.92 0.24 0.13
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 336 0.83 0.76 0.01 0.95 0.23 0.12
Packers and Packagers, Hand 471 0.81 0.69 0.00 0.94 0.25 0.13
Painters, Construction and Maintenance 296 0.85 0.83 0.00 0.99 0.19 0.15
Parts Salespersons 738 0.80 0.73 0.00 0.95 0.26 0.14
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 265 0.73 0.75 0.00 1.00 0.35 0.24
Personal Care Aides 1976 0.85 0.79 0.04 0.91 0.40 0.10
Personal Financial Advisors 1496 0.80 0.79 0.00 0.99 0.38 0.20
Pharmacists 265 0.70 0.74 0.00 1.00 0.44 0.22
Pharmacy Aides 653 0.79 0.73 0.03 0.87 0.34 0.10
Pharmacy Technicians 1121 0.79 0.80 0.01 0.93 0.32 0.13
Photographers 546 0.83 0.76 0.02 0.98 0.39 0.14
Physical Therapist Aides 230 0.81 0.75 0.00 1.00 0.36 0.18
Physical Therapists 301 0.86 0.73 0.00 0.99 0.34 0.18
Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers 511 0.82 0.75 0.00 1.00 0.22 0.17
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 2088 0.88 0.72 0.00 0.98 0.31 0.18
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists 219 0.81 0.73 0.00 0.99 0.32 0.18
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 496 0.82 0.80 0.01 0.97 0.34 0.17
Psychiatric Aides 544 0.81 0.71 0.00 0.98 0.29 0.15
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary 516 0.79 0.69 0.13 0.99 0.75 0.11
Public Relations Managers 344 0.83 0.73 0.00 1.00 0.43 0.21
Public Relations Specialists 746 0.79 0.76 0.00 0.99 0.34 0.17
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 564 0.79 0.72 0.01 0.99 0.46 0.18
Purchasing Managers 342 0.83 0.78 0.00 1.00 0.52 0.23
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 205 0.83 0.63 0.00 1.00 0.44 0.21
Real Estate Brokers 284 0.85 0.60 0.00 1.00 0.23 0.16
Real Estate Sales Agents 970 0.77 0.77 0.00 0.94 0.19 0.12
Receptionists and Information Clerks 3041 0.79 0.76 0.01 0.95 0.30 0.16
Recreation Workers 544 0.76 0.66 0.04 0.96 0.50 0.13
Registered Nurses 1598 0.87 0.73 0.00 0.99 0.34 0.20
Rehabilitation Counselors 354 0.77 0.66 0.00 1.00 0.54 0.23
Residential Advisors 272 0.82 0.69 0.01 1.00 0.55 0.16
Retail Salespersons 19070 0.76 0.72 0.01 0.90 0.26 0.12
Sales Engineers 278 0.70 0.72 0.00 0.99 0.35 0.21
Sales Managers 1544 0.78 0.75 0.00 0.99 0.37 0.18
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel 4474 0.76 0.76 0.01 0.94 0.29 0.13
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 1018 0.80 0.69 0.00 0.93 0.25 0.15
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 1142 0.72 0.71 0.00 0.93 0.25 0.14
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 2013 0.83 0.74 0.00 0.99 0.37 0.22
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 2721 0.77 0.75 0.01 0.97 0.25 0.17
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 989 0.77 0.81 0.01 0.97 0.34 0.16
Security Guards 2086 0.81 0.79 0.00 0.91 0.21 0.11
Self-Enrichment Teachers 404 0.88 0.77 0.01 0.99 0.50 0.18
Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks 217 0.83 0.80 0.00 0.99 0.21 0.15
Skincare Specialists 208 0.83 0.75 0.00 0.98 0.41 0.18
Social Science Research Assistants 323 0.84 0.74 0.00 0.99 0.36 0.20
Social and Community Service Managers 868 0.70 0.64 0.03 0.99 0.48 0.16
Social and Human Service Assistants 1834 0.80 0.73 0.04 0.95 0.43 0.12
Software Developers 1251 0.89 0.85 0.00 0.98 0.22 0.19
Special Education Teachers, Elementary School 202 0.80 0.61 0.00 1.00 0.21 0.23
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 863 0.79 0.74 0.02 0.99 0.47 0.19
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service 553 0.84 0.78 0.01 0.96 0.31 0.15
Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders 216 0.84 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.34 0.20
Tax Preparers 319 0.53 0.58 0.00 0.99 0.17 0.17
Taxi Drivers 208 0.72 0.62 0.00 1.00 0.18 0.15
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary 447 0.82 0.82 0.06 0.98 0.60 0.11
Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education 3833 0.85 0.72 0.02 0.98 0.41 0.15
Team Assemblers 473 0.85 0.81 0.01 0.80 0.23 0.10
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 220 0.82 0.74 0.00 0.99 0.23 0.17
Telemarketers 793 0.77 0.84 0.00 0.93 0.18 0.10
Telephone Operators 638 0.77 0.72 0.02 0.94 0.32 0.12
Tellers 299 0.74 0.78 0.00 0.96 0.30 0.15
Tire Builders 2104 0.81 0.76 0.01 0.66 0.22 0.08
Training and Development Managers 488 0.75 0.80 0.02 0.99 0.59 0.17
Training and Development Specialists 580 0.83 0.69 0.04 0.97 0.51 0.14
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 290 0.84 0.83 0.01 0.99 0.46 0.17
Tutors 1282 0.82 0.76 0.06 0.97 0.56 0.13
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials 266 0.78 0.73 0.01 0.99 0.55 0.18
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 317 0.83 0.72 0.01 0.97 0.40 0.15
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 392 0.79 0.63 0.01 0.99 0.36 0.18
Waiters and Waitresses 15176 0.87 0.78 0.03 0.80 0.27 0.09
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 698 0.84 0.82 0.02 0.95 0.37 0.13

6.5 Validity

6.5.1 Distribution of scale weights

Each occupation has a unique set of BIS weights that predict satisfaction. Most BISs do not contribute much to predicting satisfaction in most occupations. We would expect the distribution of weights for a particular BIS across all occupations to center around zero, with some negative and some positive weights. This pattern is what we find, for example on BIS 1 (Mechanics & Construction), 6.1.

Distribution of weights for occupation satisfaction models: Mechanics & Construction BIS

Figure 6.1: Distribution of weights for occupation satisfaction models: Mechanics & Construction BIS

6.5.2 Correlations with occupation similarity scores and GOTs

For correlations between the occupation satisfaction scores and occupation similarity scores, see Table 6.3. Correlations are generally positive (mean r = 0.31) but show that higher similarity does not necessarily indicate higher predicted satisfaction.

Correlations between each occupation satisfaction score and each GOT are also presented in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Table 6.4: Occupation satisfaction scores: Correlations with similarity scores and GOTs
Occupation r Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional
Accountants and Auditors 0.61 0.20 0.15 -0.12 0.04 0.22 0.76
Actors 0.20 0.20 0.00 -0.12 -0.02 0.12 0.04
Administrative Services Managers 0.23 0.22 0.12 -0.04 0.14 0.18 0.57
Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors 0.35 0.02 0.05 0.29 0.73 0.24 0.11
Advertising Sales Agents 0.41 0.17 0.07 -0.07 -0.02 0.52 0.40
Aerospace Engineers 0.16 0.29 0.04 -0.24 -0.20 -0.12 0.22
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 0.19 0.22 0.23 -0.05 -0.03 0.27 0.29
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 0.37 0.32 0.08 -0.27 -0.17 -0.17 0.06
Animal Caretakers 0.09 -0.20 -0.26 -0.25 -0.06 -0.07 -0.23
Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 0.13 -0.01 -0.15 -0.13 -0.10 0.36 0.23
Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 0.19 0.32 0.08 -0.11 0.00 0.32 0.29
Art Directors -0.03 0.01 -0.16 -0.07 -0.08 0.17 0.13
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 0.15 0.13 -0.03 0.15 0.39 0.11 -0.24
Athletes and Sports Competitors 0.20 0.05 -0.05 0.11 0.05 -0.06 -0.05
Automotive Body and Related Repairers 0.35 0.02 -0.23 -0.20 -0.18 0.03 -0.09
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 0.29 0.19 -0.21 -0.31 -0.10 0.07 -0.06
Baristas 0.00 -0.06 -0.16 -0.26 0.13 0.33 0.07
Bartenders 0.04 -0.16 -0.44 -0.37 0.02 0.16 0.04
Bill and Account Collectors 0.32 0.07 0.01 -0.26 0.10 0.12 0.59
Biochemists and Biophysicists 0.49 0.21 0.56 0.09 0.20 0.06 0.27
Biological Technicians 0.27 0.12 0.22 -0.23 -0.14 -0.05 -0.03
Biologists 0.61 0.37 0.71 0.14 0.04 0.08 0.22
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 0.44 0.05 0.04 -0.18 0.12 0.18 0.57
Budget Analysts 0.33 0.35 0.23 -0.09 0.03 0.18 0.67
Bus Drivers, School 0.00 -0.21 -0.22 -0.38 -0.15 -0.21 -0.19
Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 0.07 0.16 0.22 -0.07 0.19 0.12 0.10
Business Teachers, Postsecondary 0.20 0.40 0.44 0.34 0.45 0.43 0.49
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School 0.24 0.01 -0.06 0.16 0.42 0.11 0.05
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary 0.40 0.15 0.26 0.37 0.58 0.33 0.18
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School 0.44 -0.06 0.05 0.15 0.66 0.28 0.00
Carpenters 0.54 0.43 0.00 -0.08 -0.10 0.06 0.14
Cashiers 0.10 -0.06 -0.18 -0.23 0.11 0.37 0.02
Chefs and Head Cooks 0.43 0.07 -0.05 0.06 0.05 0.15 0.03
Chemists 0.59 0.31 0.53 0.10 0.03 0.06 0.11
Chief Executives 0.20 0.22 0.20 -0.16 0.16 0.29 0.30
Child, Family, and School Social Workers 0.44 -0.02 -0.05 0.04 0.47 -0.02 0.11
Childcare Workers 0.28 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 0.46 0.18 -0.06
Civil Engineers 0.52 0.61 0.43 0.04 -0.03 0.16 0.38
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 0.10 0.26 0.16 -0.15 0.19 0.34 0.58
Clergy 0.83 0.12 0.16 0.30 0.58 0.30 0.18
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists 0.66 0.07 0.30 0.38 0.56 0.25 0.09
Coaches and Scouts 0.46 -0.24 -0.26 -0.28 0.28 -0.03 -0.11
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 0.26 0.02 0.10 0.08 0.39 0.28 0.30
Computer Programmers 0.67 0.43 0.31 0.11 0.05 0.22 0.57
Computer Systems Analysts 0.50 0.35 0.30 0.09 0.07 0.14 0.55
Computer User Support Specialists 0.55 0.40 0.20 -0.03 0.09 0.22 0.59
Computer and Information Research Scientists 0.41 0.50 0.40 0.06 0.10 0.22 0.42
Computer and Information Systems Managers 0.48 0.45 0.33 0.12 0.14 0.36 0.62
Concierges 0.27 -0.15 -0.28 -0.22 0.07 0.13 0.06
Construction Laborers 0.44 0.23 -0.13 -0.37 -0.37 -0.20 0.18
Construction Managers 0.46 0.52 0.12 -0.02 0.04 0.33 0.26
Cooks, Fast Food 0.02 -0.20 -0.22 -0.25 0.07 0.05 0.16
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 0.18 0.18 -0.07 -0.10 -0.14 0.02 0.05
Cooks, Restaurant 0.21 -0.09 -0.23 -0.13 -0.02 0.03 -0.02
Cooks, Short Order 0.07 -0.23 -0.30 -0.15 0.00 -0.01 -0.09
Correctional Officers and Jailers 0.56 0.08 0.02 -0.01 0.22 0.06 0.22
Counter and Rental Clerks 0.22 -0.01 -0.16 -0.29 0.15 0.44 0.21
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners 0.32 0.06 0.09 -0.28 0.02 0.12 0.38
Craft Artists 0.03 0.12 -0.09 -0.06 0.17 0.19 0.09
Credit Analysts 0.08 0.07 0.12 -0.05 0.04 0.28 0.44
Customer Service Representatives 0.36 0.10 0.01 -0.11 0.32 0.38 0.50
Dancers 0.34 -0.07 0.03 0.26 0.38 0.19 0.08
Data Entry Keyers 0.33 -0.07 -0.14 -0.15 0.11 0.07 0.39
Database Administrators 0.39 0.25 0.20 -0.14 -0.08 0.04 0.42
Demonstrators and Product Promoters 0.37 -0.12 -0.15 -0.07 0.27 0.39 0.15
Dental Assistants 0.35 0.05 0.07 -0.20 -0.04 -0.03 0.24
Detectives and Criminal Investigators 0.23 0.18 0.01 -0.39 -0.22 -0.16 0.30
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 0.07 0.01 -0.12 -0.44 -0.34 -0.04 -0.03
Directors, Religious Activities and Education 0.76 0.13 0.16 0.28 0.48 0.23 0.10
Dishwashers 0.06 -0.08 -0.20 -0.28 -0.06 0.00 -0.06
Driver/Sales Workers 0.47 0.30 -0.04 -0.25 -0.26 0.07 0.20
Editors 0.45 -0.09 -0.05 0.35 0.24 0.33 0.28
Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary 0.50 0.22 0.18 0.28 0.71 0.30 0.15
Education Administrators, Postsecondary 0.32 -0.04 0.10 0.14 0.60 0.36 0.16
Education Teachers, Postsecondary 0.23 0.22 0.17 0.21 0.37 -0.01 0.12
Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare 0.28 0.31 0.22 0.26 0.64 0.35 0.20
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors 0.62 -0.04 0.05 0.37 0.74 0.31 0.05
Electrical Engineers 0.37 0.52 0.26 -0.03 0.00 0.02 0.34
Electricians 0.50 0.50 0.15 -0.14 -0.05 0.05 0.26
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 0.55 0.15 0.17 0.25 0.68 0.17 0.10
Emergency Medical Technicians 0.44 0.05 0.16 -0.15 0.25 -0.02 0.21
English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 0.41 -0.05 0.20 0.29 0.72 0.19 0.20
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health -0.03 0.47 0.41 0.06 0.21 0.42 0.52
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 0.45 0.01 0.02 -0.03 0.20 0.14 0.39
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors 0.35 -0.13 -0.10 -0.10 0.19 0.04 -0.12
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse 0.42 0.17 0.01 -0.11 0.09 0.00 -0.01
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 0.47 0.48 0.29 0.22 0.04 0.12 0.12
Fashion Designers 0.17 -0.10 -0.13 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.07
Fast Food and Counter Workers -0.06 -0.01 -0.11 -0.31 0.09 0.21 0.00
File Clerks 0.37 -0.20 -0.08 -0.19 -0.02 -0.14 0.21
Film and Video Editors 0.05 0.20 -0.02 0.05 0.06 0.29 0.24
Financial Examiners 0.14 0.37 0.28 -0.05 0.17 0.36 0.60
Financial Managers 0.43 0.29 0.15 -0.16 0.07 0.30 0.70
Financial Risk Specialists -0.10 0.16 0.10 -0.15 0.04 0.18 0.51
Financial and Investment Analysts 0.35 0.24 0.18 -0.12 0.12 0.28 0.76
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators 0.24 -0.28 -0.24 0.08 0.20 0.06 -0.23
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 0.56 0.39 0.04 -0.13 0.12 0.27 0.24
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 0.19 -0.09 -0.15 -0.18 0.25 0.46 0.01
First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 0.24 0.18 0.05 -0.11 0.27 0.34 0.26
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 0.23 0.36 0.08 -0.04 0.27 0.29 0.33
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 0.21 0.11 0.01 -0.06 0.22 0.52 0.28
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 0.27 0.20 0.04 -0.10 0.21 0.23 0.50
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 0.24 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.31 0.04 0.09
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 0.22 0.27 0.08 -0.24 0.07 0.14 0.25
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 0.46 0.04 -0.12 -0.09 0.20 0.58 0.29
Food Preparation Workers -0.05 -0.08 -0.12 -0.21 0.05 0.24 0.17
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 0.20 -0.16 -0.27 -0.30 0.16 0.11 -0.10
Food Service Managers 0.41 0.03 -0.19 -0.14 0.16 0.41 0.23
Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts 0.19 0.34 0.37 0.19 0.29 0.41 0.65
Fundraisers 0.18 -0.19 0.09 0.19 0.14 0.18 0.10
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 0.07 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.27 0.15
General and Operations Managers 0.33 0.34 0.18 0.01 0.35 0.61 0.56
Graphic Designers 0.32 0.10 0.01 0.18 -0.07 0.36 0.15
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 0.28 0.06 -0.17 -0.11 0.01 0.25 0.03
Health Education Specialists 0.15 -0.04 -0.03 0.20 0.41 0.20 0.00
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 0.32 0.13 -0.24 -0.47 -0.35 -0.17 0.05
Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 0.35 0.03 -0.17 -0.28 -0.14 -0.03 -0.05
Home Health Aides 0.41 0.18 0.18 -0.05 0.35 0.17 0.12
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 0.10 -0.11 -0.19 -0.34 0.07 0.11 -0.05
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 0.25 0.05 -0.02 -0.19 -0.01 0.21 0.18
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 0.33 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.27 0.27 0.35
Human Resources Managers 0.49 0.24 0.22 0.26 0.46 0.52 0.34
Human Resources Specialists 0.31 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.39 0.47 0.27
Infantry 0.61 0.29 0.17 -0.03 0.10 0.10 0.17
Information Technology Project Managers 0.30 0.38 0.29 0.05 0.18 0.33 0.63
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 0.29 0.21 0.16 -0.16 0.00 0.08 0.42
Instructional Coordinators 0.24 -0.02 0.02 0.13 0.65 0.30 0.35
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 0.34 0.01 0.05 -0.18 0.06 0.18 0.44
Insurance Sales Agents 0.50 0.35 0.20 0.16 0.28 0.71 0.49
Insurance Underwriters 0.00 0.21 0.04 -0.08 0.02 0.29 0.58
Interior Designers 0.15 0.10 -0.02 0.21 0.01 0.21 -0.13
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 0.05 0.18 -0.05 -0.19 0.00 0.07 0.01
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates 0.37 0.11 0.13 -0.07 0.10 0.13 0.44
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 0.42 0.23 0.16 0.20 0.65 0.28 0.22
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 0.18 0.00 -0.17 -0.28 -0.13 -0.04 0.03
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 0.40 0.37 0.05 -0.29 -0.07 0.01 0.18
Lawyers 0.49 0.26 0.25 0.13 0.24 0.33 0.34
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists -0.19 0.16 0.10 0.02 0.35 0.14 0.36
Library Technicians 0.02 -0.28 -0.29 -0.29 0.15 -0.18 0.14
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 0.54 0.23 0.23 0.08 0.33 0.15 0.21
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers 0.20 0.10 0.10 -0.06 0.38 0.26 0.06
Light Truck Drivers 0.19 0.14 -0.15 -0.25 0.00 0.20 0.21
Loan Officers 0.30 -0.13 -0.26 -0.17 0.02 0.31 0.37
Logisticians 0.00 0.02 0.02 -0.08 0.03 0.21 0.43
Machinists 0.44 0.55 0.17 -0.13 -0.10 0.13 0.35
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners -0.14 0.16 0.04 -0.06 0.10 0.40 0.19
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 0.42 0.44 0.14 -0.20 -0.14 0.03 0.06
Management Analysts 0.12 0.25 0.28 -0.03 0.04 0.32 0.61
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.28 0.18 0.22 0.09 0.09 0.49 0.36
Marketing Managers 0.40 0.25 0.17 0.06 0.17 0.61 0.43
Massage Therapists 0.08 0.04 -0.31 -0.15 -0.04 -0.05 0.06
Mechanical Engineers 0.56 0.66 0.33 0.01 -0.15 0.18 0.29
Media Programming Directors 0.25 0.19 0.36 0.29 0.66 0.44 0.28
Medical Assistants 0.55 0.17 0.31 -0.01 0.15 0.07 0.27
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 0.40 0.38 0.59 0.19 0.16 0.08 0.20
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 0.53 -0.05 0.06 -0.15 0.16 0.08 0.25
Medical Transcriptionists 0.15 0.11 0.16 -0.10 0.09 0.11 0.26
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 0.47 0.33 0.42 0.04 0.15 0.13 0.23
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 0.27 0.28 0.38 0.01 0.29 0.22 0.34
Medical and Health Services Managers 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.13 0.26
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners -0.11 0.21 0.06 0.04 0.21 0.33 0.37
Mental Health Counselors 0.73 0.08 0.18 0.42 0.66 0.21 -0.03
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 0.68 -0.02 0.08 0.22 0.56 0.11 -0.09
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 0.50 0.10 0.11 0.21 0.68 0.14 0.10
Models 0.09 -0.26 -0.19 -0.16 0.15 0.24 -0.01
Musicians and Singers 0.54 0.09 -0.04 0.38 0.16 0.18 0.00
Nannies 0.32 -0.06 -0.10 -0.18 0.31 0.07 0.02
Network and Computer Systems Administrators 0.64 0.42 0.21 -0.03 -0.02 0.15 0.50
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists 0.44 -0.01 -0.05 0.37 0.10 0.22 -0.08
Nursing Assistants 0.48 0.14 0.40 0.02 0.19 -0.02 0.07
Office Clerks, General 0.36 -0.05 -0.13 -0.22 0.11 0.08 0.25
Orderlies 0.59 0.24 0.31 0.02 0.27 0.09 0.16
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 0.31 0.02 -0.13 -0.30 -0.14 -0.11 0.06
Packers and Packagers, Hand 0.15 0.05 -0.07 -0.25 0.08 0.14 0.15
Painters, Construction and Maintenance 0.51 0.42 -0.01 -0.30 -0.12 0.09 0.18
Parts Salespersons 0.41 0.03 -0.11 -0.31 0.01 0.34 0.21
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 0.28 -0.09 -0.22 -0.31 -0.11 -0.02 0.32
Personal Care Aides 0.09 0.04 0.03 -0.21 0.16 0.03 -0.11
Personal Financial Advisors 0.50 0.39 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.66 0.58
Pharmacists 0.23 0.04 0.24 -0.12 0.24 0.15 0.15
Pharmacy Aides 0.25 -0.11 0.07 -0.38 -0.03 0.12 0.14
Pharmacy Technicians 0.28 -0.08 0.15 -0.31 0.07 0.17 0.18
Photographers 0.28 -0.26 -0.29 0.05 -0.13 0.14 -0.12
Physical Therapist Aides 0.22 -0.08 0.14 0.09 0.44 0.14 0.25
Physical Therapists 0.28 0.08 0.21 -0.04 0.27 -0.04 -0.16
Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers 0.69 0.41 0.27 0.05 0.16 0.10 0.34
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 0.43 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.61 0.19 0.09
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists 0.33 0.11 0.20 0.21 0.26 -0.01 0.00
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 0.30 0.18 -0.01 -0.19 0.26 0.41 0.43
Psychiatric Aides 0.67 -0.07 0.04 0.24 0.49 0.12 -0.11
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary 0.20 0.04 0.08 -0.09 0.11 -0.10 -0.17
Public Relations Managers 0.20 0.30 0.05 0.06 0.15 0.39 0.43
Public Relations Specialists 0.25 0.15 0.03 0.18 0.12 0.40 0.32
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products -0.02 0.13 0.03 -0.18 -0.06 0.27 0.56
Purchasing Managers 0.06 0.15 -0.01 -0.40 -0.03 0.19 0.43
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 0.10 0.32 0.23 0.01 0.29 0.23 0.29
Real Estate Brokers 0.24 -0.10 -0.09 -0.26 0.08 0.26 0.23
Real Estate Sales Agents 0.38 0.18 0.07 0.09 0.24 0.61 0.34
Receptionists and Information Clerks 0.39 -0.01 0.01 -0.06 0.19 0.18 0.36
Recreation Workers 0.17 -0.03 0.04 0.18 0.35 0.09 -0.10
Registered Nurses 0.43 0.21 0.24 0.03 0.38 0.16 0.20
Rehabilitation Counselors 0.33 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.59 0.47 0.18
Residential Advisors 0.10 0.04 -0.03 0.09 0.19 0.15 -0.18
Retail Salespersons 0.29 -0.05 -0.18 -0.21 0.03 0.42 0.08
Sales Engineers 0.26 0.06 0.05 -0.07 0.26 0.50 0.30
Sales Managers 0.59 0.33 0.14 0.07 0.21 0.66 0.45
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel 0.26 0.06 -0.02 -0.18 0.02 0.42 0.21
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 0.42 0.11 -0.02 -0.13 0.00 0.51 0.30
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 0.43 0.14 -0.06 -0.11 -0.05 0.41 0.17
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 0.50 0.09 0.12 0.24 0.75 0.23 0.09
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 0.50 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.22 0.14 0.31
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 0.39 0.20 0.08 0.11 0.29 0.64 0.51
Security Guards 0.52 0.26 0.07 -0.13 0.10 0.18 0.20
Self-Enrichment Teachers 0.30 -0.03 -0.03 0.20 0.65 0.30 0.01
Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks 0.28 0.10 -0.08 -0.36 0.05 0.15 0.33
Skincare Specialists 0.11 0.09 -0.06 -0.25 -0.02 0.23 0.14
Social Science Research Assistants 0.09 -0.08 0.21 -0.03 0.10 -0.11 0.18
Social and Community Service Managers 0.27 0.02 0.23 0.10 0.54 0.10 0.23
Social and Human Service Assistants 0.30 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.26 0.15
Software Developers 0.71 0.43 0.38 0.14 0.12 0.25 0.59
Special Education Teachers, Elementary School 0.46 -0.12 -0.02 0.07 0.44 -0.03 0.01
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 0.67 0.14 0.20 0.21 0.63 0.40 0.20
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service 0.31 0.07 -0.15 -0.14 0.08 0.29 0.32
Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders -0.05 -0.36 -0.35 -0.21 0.13 -0.02 0.01
Tax Preparers 0.68 0.22 0.16 -0.04 0.13 0.23 0.62
Taxi Drivers 0.17 0.06 -0.03 -0.17 0.01 0.08 -0.04
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary 0.31 -0.21 -0.11 0.08 0.54 0.31 -0.04
Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education 0.33 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.52 0.11 0.03
Team Assemblers 0.26 0.22 -0.11 -0.25 -0.12 0.03 0.16
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 0.51 0.41 0.12 -0.08 -0.11 0.06 0.44
Telemarketers 0.34 -0.18 -0.26 -0.25 0.05 0.21 0.12
Telephone Operators 0.23 -0.09 -0.12 -0.27 -0.08 0.15 0.20
Tellers 0.16 -0.02 -0.06 0.01 0.14 0.35 0.27
Tire Builders 0.17 0.14 -0.09 -0.33 -0.09 -0.05 0.15
Training and Development Managers 0.20 0.21 0.30 0.37 0.41 0.42 0.27
Training and Development Specialists 0.41 -0.01 -0.02 0.25 0.49 0.38 0.12
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 0.23 0.04 0.03 -0.35 0.03 0.03 0.11
Tutors 0.05 0.01 0.09 -0.02 0.49 0.00 0.04
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials 0.23 0.10 0.09 -0.02 0.16 0.17 0.19
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 0.16 0.18 0.40 -0.04 0.20 0.18 0.24
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 0.21 0.07 0.29 0.03 0.19 0.11 0.21
Waiters and Waitresses 0.14 -0.16 -0.30 -0.37 0.10 0.17 0.04
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 0.19 0.19 -0.05 -0.14 0.07 0.39 0.45

6.5.3 Group differences

6.5.3.1 Gender

Gender differences on each occupation satisfaction scale are shows in Table 6.5.

Table 6.5: Table 6.6: Occupation satisfaction scales: Gender differences
Occupation Female mean Female SD Male mean Male SD d
Accountants and Auditors 0.26 0.17 0.27 0.15 -0.06
Actors 0.37 0.12 0.41 0.11 -0.35
Administrative Services Managers 0.41 0.18 0.40 0.16 0.06
Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors 0.60 0.18 0.57 0.17 0.17
Advertising Sales Agents 0.22 0.14 0.25 0.13 -0.22
Aerospace Engineers 0.36 0.20 0.47 0.20 -0.55
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 0.48 0.18 0.54 0.16 -0.35
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 0.26 0.19 0.33 0.21 -0.35
Animal Caretakers 0.42 0.12 0.41 0.12 0.08
Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 0.40 0.19 0.41 0.18 -0.05
Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 0.31 0.18 0.38 0.18 -0.39
Art Directors 0.51 0.15 0.53 0.13 -0.14
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 0.47 0.21 0.51 0.20 -0.20
Athletes and Sports Competitors 0.66 0.14 0.66 0.14 0.00
Automotive Body and Related Repairers 0.22 0.20 0.26 0.21 -0.20
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 0.23 0.16 0.31 0.19 -0.46
Baristas 0.38 0.11 0.39 0.10 -0.10
Bartenders 0.28 0.09 0.28 0.09 0.00
Bill and Account Collectors 0.26 0.16 0.23 0.13 0.21
Biochemists and Biophysicists 0.14 0.17 0.13 0.16 0.06
Biological Technicians 0.21 0.17 0.23 0.18 -0.11
Biologists 0.16 0.14 0.20 0.15 -0.28
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 0.24 0.17 0.22 0.13 0.13
Budget Analysts 0.38 0.23 0.42 0.22 -0.18
Bus Drivers, School 0.29 0.21 0.29 0.19 0.00
Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 0.31 0.17 0.32 0.16 -0.06
Business Teachers, Postsecondary 0.70 0.13 0.74 0.12 -0.32
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School 0.64 0.20 0.61 0.20 0.15
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary 0.79 0.12 0.78 0.11 0.09
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School 0.76 0.10 0.75 0.10 0.10
Carpenters 0.13 0.13 0.24 0.19 -0.68
Cashiers 0.28 0.10 0.28 0.09 0.00
Chefs and Head Cooks 0.27 0.13 0.26 0.12 0.08
Chemists 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.18 -0.29
Chief Executives 0.70 0.10 0.74 0.08 -0.44
Child, Family, and School Social Workers 0.46 0.14 0.43 0.13 0.22
Childcare Workers 0.40 0.16 0.40 0.14 0.00
Civil Engineers 0.15 0.15 0.32 0.22 -0.90
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 0.37 0.15 0.37 0.13 0.00
Clergy 0.34 0.20 0.32 0.20 0.10
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists 0.61 0.17 0.60 0.16 0.06
Coaches and Scouts 0.54 0.12 0.52 0.11 0.17
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 0.44 0.20 0.40 0.18 0.21
Computer Programmers 0.20 0.17 0.27 0.19 -0.39
Computer Systems Analysts 0.29 0.18 0.33 0.18 -0.22
Computer User Support Specialists 0.25 0.16 0.29 0.16 -0.25
Computer and Information Research Scientists 0.33 0.21 0.46 0.20 -0.63
Computer and Information Systems Managers 0.36 0.20 0.46 0.20 -0.50
Concierges 0.34 0.20 0.32 0.18 0.11
Construction Laborers 0.21 0.12 0.26 0.13 -0.40
Construction Managers 0.27 0.17 0.37 0.20 -0.54
Cooks, Fast Food 0.25 0.08 0.23 0.07 0.27
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 0.24 0.14 0.30 0.15 -0.41
Cooks, Restaurant 0.26 0.13 0.24 0.12 0.16
Cooks, Short Order 0.28 0.13 0.22 0.10 0.52
Correctional Officers and Jailers 0.19 0.13 0.19 0.12 0.00
Counter and Rental Clerks 0.26 0.11 0.27 0.11 -0.09
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners 0.31 0.20 0.29 0.18 0.11
Craft Artists 0.44 0.20 0.47 0.18 -0.16
Credit Analysts 0.30 0.17 0.31 0.16 -0.06
Customer Service Representatives 0.30 0.12 0.27 0.11 0.26
Dancers 0.49 0.14 0.45 0.14 0.29
Data Entry Keyers 0.28 0.13 0.23 0.10 0.43
Database Administrators 0.36 0.21 0.41 0.20 -0.24
Demonstrators and Product Promoters 0.34 0.17 0.32 0.16 0.12
Dental Assistants 0.29 0.16 0.27 0.13 0.14
Detectives and Criminal Investigators 0.41 0.23 0.42 0.20 -0.05
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 0.29 0.12 0.33 0.12 -0.33
Directors, Religious Activities and Education 0.29 0.24 0.28 0.25 0.04
Dishwashers 0.29 0.11 0.28 0.10 0.10
Driver/Sales Workers 0.20 0.09 0.25 0.10 -0.53
Editors 0.24 0.13 0.21 0.11 0.25
Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary 0.48 0.20 0.50 0.19 -0.10
Education Administrators, Postsecondary 0.65 0.15 0.63 0.14 0.14
Education Teachers, Postsecondary 0.67 0.13 0.70 0.11 -0.25
Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare 0.42 0.22 0.47 0.21 -0.23
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors 0.66 0.15 0.62 0.14 0.28
Electrical Engineers 0.28 0.15 0.40 0.17 -0.75
Electricians 0.19 0.15 0.29 0.19 -0.58
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 0.30 0.23 0.28 0.21 0.09
Emergency Medical Technicians 0.31 0.18 0.26 0.14 0.31
English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 0.44 0.19 0.37 0.18 0.38
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 0.39 0.19 0.50 0.19 -0.58
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 0.29 0.20 0.21 0.15 0.45
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors 0.40 0.14 0.40 0.13 0.00
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse 0.31 0.17 0.33 0.17 -0.12
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 0.32 0.18 0.40 0.19 -0.43
Fashion Designers 0.46 0.22 0.44 0.20 0.10
Fast Food and Counter Workers 0.28 0.07 0.29 0.07 -0.14
File Clerks 0.26 0.15 0.20 0.12 0.44
Film and Video Editors 0.37 0.16 0.43 0.16 -0.38
Financial Examiners 0.48 0.16 0.54 0.15 -0.39
Financial Managers 0.43 0.17 0.51 0.16 -0.48
Financial Risk Specialists 0.40 0.17 0.41 0.15 -0.06
Financial and Investment Analysts 0.30 0.17 0.34 0.16 -0.24
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators 0.42 0.15 0.39 0.14 0.21
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 0.23 0.17 0.33 0.20 -0.54
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 0.29 0.11 0.30 0.11 -0.09
First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 0.36 0.18 0.36 0.17 0.00
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 0.45 0.20 0.50 0.20 -0.25
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 0.36 0.19 0.39 0.19 -0.16
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 0.43 0.17 0.41 0.15 0.12
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 0.45 0.18 0.45 0.17 0.00
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 0.40 0.17 0.45 0.17 -0.29
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 0.24 0.13 0.26 0.13 -0.15
Food Preparation Workers 0.31 0.09 0.31 0.09 0.00
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 0.32 0.10 0.31 0.09 0.11
Food Service Managers 0.24 0.10 0.25 0.11 -0.10
Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts 0.43 0.16 0.42 0.15 0.06
Fundraisers 0.36 0.22 0.31 0.20 0.24
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 0.39 0.20 0.43 0.20 -0.20
General and Operations Managers 0.47 0.14 0.52 0.13 -0.37
Graphic Designers 0.31 0.13 0.33 0.12 -0.16
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 0.35 0.12 0.36 0.12 -0.08
Health Education Specialists 0.49 0.21 0.43 0.20 0.29
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 0.20 0.13 0.27 0.15 -0.50
Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 0.27 0.12 0.29 0.11 -0.17
Home Health Aides 0.35 0.12 0.35 0.11 0.00
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 0.34 0.10 0.35 0.09 -0.11
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 0.26 0.17 0.27 0.15 -0.06
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 0.42 0.18 0.37 0.16 0.29
Human Resources Managers 0.44 0.22 0.46 0.21 -0.09
Human Resources Specialists 0.44 0.16 0.44 0.16 0.00
Infantry 0.19 0.14 0.24 0.16 -0.33
Information Technology Project Managers 0.32 0.20 0.39 0.20 -0.35
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 0.21 0.17 0.22 0.16 -0.06
Instructional Coordinators 0.56 0.13 0.53 0.12 0.24
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 0.30 0.15 0.25 0.12 0.37
Insurance Sales Agents 0.23 0.17 0.30 0.19 -0.39
Insurance Underwriters 0.39 0.18 0.41 0.16 -0.12
Interior Designers 0.33 0.20 0.34 0.19 -0.05
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 0.23 0.08 0.25 0.07 -0.27
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates 0.26 0.16 0.23 0.13 0.21
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 0.28 0.22 0.30 0.21 -0.09
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 0.25 0.09 0.24 0.08 0.12
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 0.26 0.12 0.31 0.13 -0.40
Lawyers 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 -0.07
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists 0.53 0.11 0.55 0.10 -0.19
Library Technicians 0.47 0.17 0.36 0.14 0.71
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 0.32 0.20 0.29 0.18 0.16
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers 0.46 0.12 0.47 0.12 -0.08
Light Truck Drivers 0.24 0.08 0.25 0.08 -0.13
Loan Officers 0.25 0.11 0.23 0.10 0.19
Logisticians 0.43 0.19 0.40 0.16 0.17
Machinists 0.11 0.09 0.20 0.13 -0.80
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 0.24 0.09 0.26 0.09 -0.22
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 0.23 0.14 0.34 0.18 -0.68
Management Analysts 0.41 0.16 0.44 0.15 -0.19
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.36 0.17 0.39 0.17 -0.18
Marketing Managers 0.31 0.18 0.38 0.18 -0.39
Massage Therapists 0.43 0.21 0.45 0.20 -0.10
Mechanical Engineers 0.24 0.14 0.41 0.17 -1.09
Media Programming Directors 0.60 0.17 0.62 0.16 -0.12
Medical Assistants 0.33 0.14 0.31 0.12 0.15
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 0.30 0.19 0.34 0.18 -0.22
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 0.19 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.42
Medical Transcriptionists 0.33 0.21 0.30 0.18 0.15
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 0.29 0.19 0.29 0.18 0.00
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 0.27 0.20 0.26 0.18 0.05
Medical and Health Services Managers 0.61 0.16 0.58 0.16 0.19
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.47 0.22 0.48 0.19 -0.05
Mental Health Counselors 0.44 0.21 0.41 0.18 0.15
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 0.32 0.21 0.27 0.18 0.26
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 0.35 0.24 0.32 0.21 0.13
Models 0.45 0.19 0.39 0.17 0.33
Musicians and Singers 0.32 0.15 0.33 0.14 -0.07
Nannies 0.39 0.14 0.37 0.12 0.15
Network and Computer Systems Administrators 0.20 0.18 0.29 0.21 -0.46
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists 0.19 0.16 0.19 0.15 0.00
Nursing Assistants 0.34 0.15 0.32 0.13 0.14
Office Clerks, General 0.32 0.15 0.27 0.12 0.37
Orderlies 0.25 0.14 0.24 0.12 0.08
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 0.23 0.12 0.23 0.11 0.00
Packers and Packagers, Hand 0.24 0.13 0.26 0.13 -0.15
Painters, Construction and Maintenance 0.14 0.11 0.24 0.17 -0.70
Parts Salespersons 0.26 0.14 0.27 0.14 -0.07
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 0.37 0.25 0.32 0.22 0.21
Personal Care Aides 0.39 0.11 0.41 0.10 -0.19
Personal Financial Advisors 0.34 0.19 0.41 0.21 -0.35
Pharmacists 0.46 0.23 0.42 0.21 0.18
Pharmacy Aides 0.34 0.11 0.34 0.10 0.00
Pharmacy Technicians 0.33 0.14 0.30 0.12 0.23
Photographers 0.39 0.14 0.39 0.14 0.00
Physical Therapist Aides 0.38 0.19 0.33 0.17 0.28
Physical Therapists 0.35 0.19 0.33 0.17 0.11
Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers 0.19 0.16 0.25 0.18 -0.35
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 0.31 0.18 0.30 0.17 0.06
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists 0.33 0.18 0.32 0.18 0.06
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 0.32 0.17 0.35 0.16 -0.18
Psychiatric Aides 0.32 0.16 0.26 0.13 0.41
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary 0.74 0.12 0.76 0.10 -0.18
Public Relations Managers 0.39 0.21 0.48 0.21 -0.43
Public Relations Specialists 0.32 0.18 0.35 0.17 -0.17
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 0.45 0.19 0.47 0.17 -0.11
Purchasing Managers 0.49 0.24 0.55 0.22 -0.26
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 0.42 0.21 0.47 0.20 -0.24
Real Estate Brokers 0.23 0.17 0.22 0.15 0.06
Real Estate Sales Agents 0.19 0.12 0.20 0.12 -0.08
Receptionists and Information Clerks 0.33 0.18 0.27 0.14 0.37
Recreation Workers 0.50 0.13 0.50 0.12 0.00
Registered Nurses 0.35 0.21 0.33 0.18 0.10
Rehabilitation Counselors 0.52 0.24 0.56 0.23 -0.17
Residential Advisors 0.55 0.17 0.55 0.16 0.00
Retail Salespersons 0.25 0.12 0.27 0.12 -0.17
Sales Engineers 0.36 0.22 0.34 0.21 0.09
Sales Managers 0.32 0.17 0.41 0.18 -0.51
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel 0.28 0.13 0.29 0.13 -0.08
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 0.24 0.14 0.26 0.15 -0.14
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 0.23 0.13 0.27 0.14 -0.30
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 0.38 0.23 0.36 0.21 0.09
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 0.29 0.18 0.22 0.14 0.43
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 0.33 0.16 0.36 0.17 -0.18
Security Guards 0.20 0.10 0.22 0.11 -0.19
Self-Enrichment Teachers 0.52 0.19 0.49 0.17 0.17
Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks 0.21 0.15 0.21 0.14 0.00
Skincare Specialists 0.40 0.18 0.42 0.17 -0.11
Social Science Research Assistants 0.41 0.21 0.31 0.18 0.51
Social and Community Service Managers 0.49 0.16 0.47 0.15 0.13
Social and Human Service Assistants 0.43 0.13 0.43 0.12 0.00
Software Developers 0.19 0.18 0.26 0.20 -0.37
Special Education Teachers, Elementary School 0.25 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.36
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 0.47 0.20 0.46 0.18 0.05
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service 0.32 0.16 0.30 0.14 0.13
Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders 0.36 0.21 0.32 0.19 0.20
Tax Preparers 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.17 -0.18
Taxi Drivers 0.16 0.15 0.20 0.16 -0.26
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary 0.62 0.12 0.59 0.11 0.26
Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education 0.41 0.16 0.40 0.14 0.07
Team Assemblers 0.22 0.09 0.24 0.10 -0.21
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 0.20 0.16 0.26 0.18 -0.35
Telemarketers 0.19 0.10 0.18 0.10 0.10
Telephone Operators 0.33 0.13 0.32 0.11 0.08
Tellers 0.31 0.15 0.29 0.15 0.13
Tire Builders 0.22 0.08 0.23 0.08 -0.13
Training and Development Managers 0.58 0.18 0.59 0.17 -0.06
Training and Development Specialists 0.52 0.14 0.49 0.13 0.22
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 0.46 0.18 0.47 0.17 -0.06
Tutors 0.56 0.13 0.55 0.12 0.08
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials 0.53 0.18 0.56 0.17 -0.17
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 0.39 0.16 0.40 0.15 -0.06
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 0.37 0.18 0.35 0.17 0.11
Waiters and Waitresses 0.28 0.09 0.27 0.08 0.12
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 0.36 0.13 0.39 0.12 -0.24

References

Strong, E. K. Jr. (1955). Vocational interests 18 years after college. University of Minnesota Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.cttts3zq